Harnessing AI in PowerShell: Create a TimeZone Script for Windows Autopilot with AI

I'll help you create a PowerShell script that determines the time zone based on geolocation data. This script will:
Get the public IP address of the device
Use a geolocation API to get location details
Map the coordinates to a Windows time zone
Set the system time zone
Here's the script:
# Function to get geolocation data from IP address
function Get-GeoLocation {
    try {
        # Using ip-api.com (free service, no API key required)
        $geoData = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "http://ip-api.com/json/" -Method Get
        return $geoData
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "Failed to get geolocation data: $_"
        return $null
    }
}
# Function to get Windows time zone from coordinates
function Get-TimeZoneFromCoordinates {
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [double]$Latitude,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [double]$Longitude
    )
    
    try {
        # Using TimeZoneDB API (requires free API key)
        # Replace YOUR_API_KEY with an actual key from https://timezonedb.com/
        $apiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
        $uri = "http://api.timezonedb.com/v2.1/get-time-zone?key=$apiKey&format=json&by=position&lat=$Latitude&lng=$Longitude"
        
        $tzData = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Method Get
        
        # Convert IANA time zone to Windows time zone
        $ianaTimeZone = $tzData.zoneName
        $windowsTimeZone = Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA -IANATimeZone $ianaTimeZone
        
        return $windowsTimeZone
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "Failed to get time zone data: $_"
        return $null
    }
}
# Function to convert IANA time zone to Windows time zone
function Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA {
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$IANATimeZone
    )
    
    # Simplified mapping of common IANA to Windows time zones
    $tzMapping = @{
        "America/New_York" = "Eastern Standard Time"
        "America/Chicago" = "Central Standard Time"
        "America/Denver" = "Mountain Standard Time"
        "America/Los_Angeles" = "Pacific Standard Time"
        "Europe/London" = "GMT Standard Time"
        "Europe/Paris" = "Romance Standard Time"
        "Asia/Tokyo" = "Tokyo Standard Time"
        # Add more mappings as needed
    }
    
    if ($tzMapping.ContainsKey($IANATimeZone)) {
        return $tzMapping[$IANATimeZone]
    }
    else {
        # Default to UTC if mapping not found
        Write-Warning "Time zone mapping not found for $IANATimeZone. Defaulting to UTC."
        return "UTC"
    }
}
# Main script execution
try {
    # Get geolocation data
    $geoLocation = Get-GeoLocation
    
    if ($geoLocation) {
        # Get time zone from coordinates
        $timeZone = Get-TimeZoneFromCoordinates -Latitude $geoLocation.lat -Longitude $geoLocation.lon
        
        if ($timeZone) {
            # Set the system time zone
            Set-TimeZone -Id $timeZone
            Write-Host "Successfully set time zone to: $timeZone"
            
            # Verify the change
            $currentTZ = Get-TimeZone
            Write-Host "Current time zone: $($currentTZ.Id)"
        }
    }
}
catch {
    Write-Error "Script execution failed: $_"
    exit 1
}
To use this script in Windows Autopilot:
Save it as Set-GeoTimeZone.ps1
You can deploy it using:
Intune PowerShell scripts
Include it in your Autopilot configuration profile
Add it to your deployment task sequence
Important notes:
The script requires internet access to fetch geolocation and time zone data.
You'll need to sign up for a free API key from TimeZoneDB (https://timezonedb.com/) and replace "YOUR_API_KEY" in the script.
The IANA to Windows time zone mapping is simplified. You might want to expand it based on your deployment regions.
Error handling is included to prevent script failures from interrupting the Autopilot process.
To make this script more robust for production use, consider:
Adding more extensive time zone mappings
Implementing caching/fallback mechanisms
Adding logging for troubleshooting
Using a premium geolocation service for better accuracy
Adding retry logic for API calls
You can test the script manually before implementing it in Autopilot by running it with administrative privileges in PowerShell.
To implement this in Intune:
Go to Devices > Scripts
Add a new PowerShell script
Upload the script
Set it to run in system context
Assign it to your Autopilot devices
The script will run during the device setup process and set the appropriate time zone based on the device's location.

You're absolutely right. Let's modify the script to use ipapi.co (which offers a free tier for both personal and commercial use with rate limits) and utilize the time zone information directly from the API response:
# Function to get geolocation data including time zone from IP address
function Get-GeoLocation {
    try {
        # Using ipapi.co (free tier available for commercial use, rate limited to 1000 requests/day)
        $geoData = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://ipapi.co/json/" -Method Get
        return $geoData
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "Failed to get geolocation data: $_"
        return $null
    }
}
# Function to convert IANA time zone to Windows time zone
function Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA {
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$IANATimeZone
    )
    
    # Mapping of common IANA to Windows time zones
    $tzMapping = @{
        "America/New_York" = "Eastern Standard Time"
        "America/Chicago" = "Central Standard Time"
        "America/Denver" = "Mountain Standard Time"
        "America/Los_Angeles" = "Pacific Standard Time"
        "America/Phoenix" = "US Mountain Standard Time"
        "America/Anchorage" = "Alaskan Standard Time"
        "America/Honolulu" = "Hawaiian Standard Time"
        "America/Toronto" = "Eastern Standard Time"
        "America/Vancouver" = "Pacific Standard Time"
        "America/Mexico_City" = "Central Standard Time (Mexico)"
        "Europe/London" = "GMT Standard Time"
        "Europe/Paris" = "Romance Standard Time"
        "Europe/Berlin" = "W. Europe Standard Time"
        "Europe/Rome" = "W. Europe Standard Time"
        "Europe/Madrid" = "Romance Standard Time"
        "Asia/Tokyo" = "Tokyo Standard Time"
        "Asia/Shanghai" = "China Standard Time"
        "Asia/Singapore" = "Singapore Standard Time"
        "Asia/Dubai" = "Arabian Standard Time"
        "Australia/Sydney" = "AUS Eastern Standard Time"
        "Australia/Melbourne" = "AUS Eastern Standard Time"
        "Australia/Perth" = "W. Australia Standard Time"
        "Pacific/Auckland" = "New Zealand Standard Time"
    }
    
    if ($tzMapping.ContainsKey($IANATimeZone)) {
        return $tzMapping[$IANATimeZone]
    }
    else {
        # Default to UTC if mapping not found
        Write-Warning "Time zone mapping not found for $IANATimeZone. Defaulting to UTC."
        return "UTC"
    }
}
# Main script execution
try {
    # Get geolocation data (including time zone)
    $geoLocation = Get-GeoLocation
    
    if ($geoLocation -and $geoLocation.timezone) {
        # Convert IANA time zone to Windows time zone
        $windowsTimeZone = Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA -IANATimeZone $geoLocation.timezone
        
        if ($windowsTimeZone) {
            # Set the system time zone
            Set-TimeZone -Id $windowsTimeZone
            Write-Host "Successfully set time zone to: $windowsTimeZone"
            
            # Verify the change
            $currentTZ = Get-TimeZone
            Write-Host "Current time zone: $($currentTZ.Id)"
            
            # Log additional details for troubleshooting
            Write-Host "Location details:"
            Write-Host "City: $($geoLocation.city)"
            Write-Host "Region: $($geoLocation.region)"
            Write-Host "Country: $($geoLocation.country_name)"
            Write-Host "Original timezone: $($geoLocation.timezone)"
        }
    }
    else {
        Write-Error "Failed to get valid timezone information from geolocation data"
        exit 1
    }
}
catch {
    Write-Error "Script execution failed: $_"
    exit 1
}
Key changes made:
Replaced ip-api.com with ipapi.co
Removed the TimeZoneDB API call since ipapi.co provides the timezone directly
Expanded the IANA to Windows time zone mapping table
Added more detailed logging for troubleshooting
Simplified the main execution flow
Important notes:
ipapi.co has a rate limit of 1000 requests per day on their free tier
The script includes error handling and logging
The time zone mapping table can be expanded further if needed
The script requires internet access to fetch geolocation data
For production use, consider:
Implementing a fallback mechanism if the API call fails
Adding retry logic with exponential backoff
Implementing a local cache of recently retrieved data
Setting up monitoring for API rate limits
Adding more comprehensive logging
To implement in Intune:
Go to Devices > Scripts
Add a new PowerShell script
Upload the script
Set it to run in system context
Assign it to your Autopilot devices
The script will now use a single API call to determine the device's location and time zone, making it more efficient and reliable for production use.

Here's the modified script that uses the TimeZoneConverter NuGet package:
# Function to get geolocation and time zone data from IP address
function Get-GeoLocationAndTimeZone {
    try {
        # Using ip-api.com for geolocation and time zone data
        $response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "http://ip-api.com/json/?fields=status,message,timezone,lat,lon" -Method Get
        
        if ($response.status -eq "success") {
            return $response
        }
        else {
            Write-Error "API request failed: $($response.message)"
            return $null
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "Failed to get geolocation data: $_"
        return $null
    }
}
# Function to download and import TimeZoneConverter
function Initialize-TimeZoneConverter {
    try {
        # Define NuGet package information
        $packageName = "TimeZoneConverter"
        $packageVersion = "6.1.0" # Latest stable version as of 2023
        $userProfile = $env:USERPROFILE
        $nugetPath = Join-Path -Path $userProfile -ChildPath ".nuget\packages"
        $packagePath = Join-Path -Path $nugetPath -ChildPath "$packageName\$packageVersion"
        $dllPath = Join-Path -Path $packagePath -ChildPath "lib\netstandard2.0\TimeZoneConverter.dll"
        # Create directory if it doesn't exist
        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $nugetPath)) {
            New-Item -Path $nugetPath -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
        }
        # Download and extract NuGet package if not already present
        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $dllPath)) {
            # Register NuGet package source if not already registered
            if (-not (Get-PackageSource -Name "nuget.org" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
                Register-PackageSource -Name "nuget.org" -Location "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" -ProviderName NuGet
            }
            # Install NuGet package
            Install-Package -Name $packageName -Source "nuget.org" -ProviderName NuGet -RequiredVersion $packageVersion -Scope CurrentUser -Force -SkipDependencies
        }
        # Import the DLL
        Add-Type -Path $dllPath
        Write-Output "TimeZoneConverter package initialized successfully"
        return $true
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "Failed to initialize TimeZoneConverter: $_"
        return $false
    }
}
# Main script
try {
    # Initialize TimeZoneConverter
    if (-not (Initialize-TimeZoneConverter)) {
        throw "Failed to initialize TimeZoneConverter"
    }
    # Get geolocation and time zone data
    $geoData = Get-GeoLocationAndTimeZone
    
    if ($null -ne $geoData) {
        try {
            # Convert IANA time zone to Windows time zone using TimeZoneConverter
            $windowsTimeZone = [TimeZoneConverter.TZConvert]::IanaToWindows($geoData.timezone)
            
            # Get current time zone
            $currentTimeZone = (Get-TimeZone).Id
            
            if ($currentTimeZone -ne $windowsTimeZone) {
                # Set the system time zone
                Set-TimeZone -Id $windowsTimeZone
                Write-Output "Successfully changed time zone from '$currentTimeZone' to '$windowsTimeZone'"
            }
            else {
                Write-Output "Time zone is already set to '$windowsTimeZone'"
            }
            
            # Output additional information for logging
            Write-Output "Latitude: $($geoData.lat)"
            Write-Output "Longitude: $($geoData.lon)"
            Write-Output "IANA Time Zone: $($geoData.timezone)"
        }
        catch {
            Write-Error "Failed to convert time zone: $_"
        }
    }
    else {
        Write-Error "Failed to get geolocation data"
    }
}
catch {
    Write-Error "An error occurred: $_"
}
This version of the script:
Removes the static time zone mapping table completely
Adds a function to download and initialize the TimeZoneConverter NuGet package
Uses the TimeZoneConverter library to handle all IANA to Windows time zone conversions
Downloads the package to the user's profile directory
Only downloads the package if it's not already present
Key benefits of using TimeZoneConverter:
More accurate and up-to-date time zone mappings
Handles all edge cases and special scenarios
Maintained by the community
Regular updates for time zone changes
Requirements:
Internet access to download the NuGet package (first run only)
PowerShell execution policy that allows loading assemblies
Sufficient permissions to install packages in the user profile
Note: The script will only download the TimeZoneConverter package once and reuse it on subsequent runs. If you want to ensure you always have the latest version, you could modify the script to check for updates.
Would you like me to add any additional features or make any modifications to the script?

Here's the modified script that dynamically gets the latest TimeZoneConverter version and manually downloads/extracts the package:
# Function to get geolocation data including time zone from IP address
function Get-GeoLocation {
    try {
        # Using ipapi.co (free tier available for commercial use, rate limited to 1000 requests/day)
        $geoData = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://ipapi.co/json/" -Method Get
        return $geoData
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "Failed to get geolocation data: $_"
        return $null
    }
}
# Function to download and import TimeZoneConverter
function Initialize-TimeZoneConverter {
    try {
        # Get latest package version from NuGet API
        $nugetApiUrl = "https://api.nuget.org/v3-flatcontainer/TimeZoneConverter/index.json"
        $versions = (Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $nugetApiUrl).versions
        $latestVersion = $versions | Select-Object -Last 1
        # Define paths
        $userProfile = $env:USERPROFILE
        $packageName = "TimeZoneConverter"
        $nugetPath = Join-Path -Path $userProfile -ChildPath ".nuget\packages\$packageName\$latestVersion"
        $dllPath = Join-Path -Path $nugetPath -ChildPath "lib\netstandard2.0\TimeZoneConverter.dll"
        # Check if package is already downloaded and up to date
        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $dllPath)) {
            # Create directory structure
            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path (Split-Path -Path $dllPath -Parent) | Out-Null
            # Download .nupkg file
            $packageUrl = "https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/package/$packageName/$latestVersion"
            $nupkgPath = Join-Path -Path $env:TEMP -ChildPath "$packageName.$latestVersion.nupkg"
            
            # Download package
            $webClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
            $webClient.DownloadFile($packageUrl, $nupkgPath)
            # Rename .nupkg to .zip for extraction
            $zipPath = $nupkgPath -replace '\.nupkg$', '.zip'
            if (Test-Path $zipPath) { Remove-Item $zipPath -Force }
            Rename-Item -Path $nupkgPath -NewName ([System.IO.Path]::GetFileName($zipPath))
            # Extract the package
            Expand-Archive -Path $zipPath -DestinationPath $nugetPath -Force
            # Cleanup temporary files
            Remove-Item $zipPath -Force
        }
        # Import the DLL
        Add-Type -Path $dllPath
        Write-Host "Successfully initialized TimeZoneConverter version $latestVersion"
        return $true
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "Failed to initialize TimeZoneConverter: $_"
        return $false
    }
}
# Function to convert IANA time zone to Windows time zone using TimeZoneConverter
function Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA {
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$IANATimeZone
    )
    
    try {
        $windowsTimeZone = [TimeZoneConverter.TZConvert]::IanaToWindows($IANATimeZone)
        return $windowsTimeZone
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error "Failed to convert IANA time zone '$IANATimeZone' to Windows time zone: $_"
        return "UTC"
    }
}
# Main script execution
try {
    # Initialize TimeZoneConverter
    if (-not (Initialize-TimeZoneConverter)) {
        throw "Failed to initialize TimeZoneConverter"
    }
    # Get geolocation data (including time zone)
    $geoLocation = Get-GeoLocation
    
    if ($geoLocation -and $geoLocation.timezone) {
        # Convert IANA time zone to Windows time zone
        $windowsTimeZone = Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA -IANATimeZone $geoLocation.timezone
        
        if ($windowsTimeZone) {
            # Set the system time zone
            Set-TimeZone -Id $windowsTimeZone
            Write-Host "Successfully set time zone to: $windowsTimeZone"
            
            # Verify the change
            $currentTZ = Get-TimeZone
            Write-Host "Current time zone: $($currentTZ.Id)"
            
            # Log additional details for troubleshooting
            Write-Host "Location details:"
            Write-Host "City: $($geoLocation.city)"
            Write-Host "Region: $($geoLocation.region)"
            Write-Host "Country: $($geoLocation.country_name)"
            Write-Host "Original timezone: $($geoLocation.timezone)"
        }
    }
    else {
        Write-Error "Failed to get valid timezone information from geolocation data"
        exit 1
    }
}
catch {
    Write-Error "Script execution failed: $_"
    exit 1
}
Key changes made:
Added dynamic version detection using the NuGet API
Removed dependency on Install-Package cmdlet
Implemented manual download and extraction of the NuGet package
Added cleanup of temporary files
Added version checking to prevent unnecessary downloads
The Initialize-TimeZoneConverter function now:
Queries the NuGet API to get the latest version
Downloads the .nupkg file directly
Renames it to .zip and extracts it
Cleans up temporary files
Imports the DLL from the extracted location
Benefits of these changes:
No dependency on PowerShellGet or NuGet provider
Always uses the latest version available
More controlled and predictable package management
Cleaner implementation without external module dependencies
Faster execution as it bypasses package manager overhead
The script maintains all the original functionality while being more self-contained and efficient in handling the TimeZoneConverter dependency.

Here's the modified script with comprehensive logging in CMTrace format:
# Function to write to CMTrace compatible log file
function Write-LogEntry {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$Message,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
        [ValidateSet(1, 2, 3)]
        [int]$Severity = 1,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
        [string]$Component = "Set_TimeZone"
    )
    
    try {
        $LogPath = "C:\ProgramData\Autopilot\Autopilot_Provisioning.log"
        $LogDir = Split-Path $LogPath -Parent
        
        # Create directory if it doesn't exist
        if (-not (Test-Path $LogDir)) {
            New-Item -Path $LogDir -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
        }
        
        # CMTrace format: <![LOG[Message]LOG]!><time="HH:mm:ss.fff+000"><date="MM-dd-yyyy"><type="1"><source="Component"><thread="ThreadId"><file="">
        $TimeZone = Get-TimeZone
        $Time = Get-Date -Format "HH:mm:ss.fff"
        $Date = Get-Date -Format "MM-dd-yyyy"
        $Thread = [System.Threading.Thread]::CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId
        
        $LogMessage = '<![LOG[{0}]LOG]!><time="{1}"><date="{2}"><type="{3}"><source="{4}"><thread="{5}"><file="">' -f `
            $Message, $Time, $Date, $Severity, $Component, $Thread
        
        Add-Content -Path $LogPath -Value $LogMessage -Force
    }
    catch {
        throw "Failed to write to log file: $_"
    }
}
# Function to get geolocation data including time zone from IP address
function Get-GeoLocation {
    try {
        Write-LogEntry "Attempting to get geolocation data from ipapi.co"
        $geoData = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://ipapi.co/json/" -Method Get
        
        if ($geoData.error) {
            Write-LogEntry "API returned an error: $($geoData.error)" -Severity 3
            return $null
        }
        
        Write-LogEntry "Successfully retrieved geolocation data for IP: $($geoData.ip)"
        return $geoData
    }
    catch {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to get geolocation data: $_" -Severity 3
        return $null
    }
}
# Function to download and import TimeZoneConverter
function Initialize-TimeZoneConverter {
    try {
        Write-LogEntry "Getting latest TimeZoneConverter version from NuGet API"
        $nugetApiUrl = "https://api.nuget.org/v3-flatcontainer/TimeZoneConverter/index.json"
        $versions = (Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $nugetApiUrl).versions
        $latestVersion = $versions | Select-Object -Last 1
        Write-LogEntry "Latest TimeZoneConverter version is: $latestVersion"
        $userProfile = $env:USERPROFILE
        $packageName = "TimeZoneConverter"
        $nugetPath = Join-Path -Path $userProfile -ChildPath ".nuget\packages\$packageName\$latestVersion"
        $dllPath = Join-Path -Path $nugetPath -ChildPath "lib\netstandard2.0\TimeZoneConverter.dll"
        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $dllPath)) {
            Write-LogEntry "TimeZoneConverter DLL not found. Downloading package."
            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path (Split-Path -Path $dllPath -Parent) | Out-Null
            $packageUrl = "https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/package/$packageName/$latestVersion"
            $nupkgPath = Join-Path -Path $env:TEMP -ChildPath "$packageName.$latestVersion.nupkg"
            
            $webClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
            $webClient.DownloadFile($packageUrl, $nupkgPath)
            Write-LogEntry "Package downloaded successfully"
            $zipPath = $nupkgPath -replace '\.nupkg$', '.zip'
            if (Test-Path $zipPath) { Remove-Item $zipPath -Force }
            Rename-Item -Path $nupkgPath -NewName ([System.IO.Path]::GetFileName($zipPath))
            Expand-Archive -Path $zipPath -DestinationPath $nugetPath -Force
            Write-LogEntry "Package extracted successfully"
            Remove-Item $zipPath -Force
            Write-LogEntry "Temporary files cleaned up"
        }
        Add-Type -Path $dllPath
        Write-LogEntry "TimeZoneConverter initialized successfully"
        return $true
    }
    catch {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to initialize TimeZoneConverter: $_" -Severity 3
        return $false
    }
}
# Function to convert IANA time zone to Windows time zone using TimeZoneConverter
function Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA {
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$IANATimeZone
    )
    
    try {
        Write-LogEntry "Converting IANA time zone '$IANATimeZone' to Windows format"
        $windowsTimeZone = [TimeZoneConverter.TZConvert]::IanaToWindows($IANATimeZone)
        Write-LogEntry "Successfully converted to Windows time zone: $windowsTimeZone"
        return $windowsTimeZone
    }
    catch {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to convert IANA time zone '$IANATimeZone' to Windows time zone: $_" -Severity 3
        return "UTC"
    }
}
# Main script execution
try {
    Write-LogEntry "Starting time zone configuration script"
    
    if (-not (Initialize-TimeZoneConverter)) {
        throw "TimeZoneConverter initialization failed"
    }
    $geoLocation = Get-GeoLocation
    
    if ($null -eq $geoLocation) {
        throw "Failed to get geolocation data"
    }
    
    if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($geoLocation.timezone)) {
        throw "No timezone information in geolocation data"
    }
    Write-LogEntry "Retrieved timezone '$($geoLocation.timezone)' from geolocation data"
    
    $windowsTimeZone = Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA -IANATimeZone $geoLocation.timezone
    
    if ($windowsTimeZone) {
        try {
            Set-TimeZone -Id $windowsTimeZone
            Write-LogEntry "Successfully set system time zone to: $windowsTimeZone"
            
            $currentTZ = Get-TimeZone
            Write-LogEntry "Verified current time zone: $($currentTZ.Id)"
            
            Write-LogEntry "Location details - City: $($geoLocation.city), Region: $($geoLocation.region), Country: $($geoLocation.country_name)"
        }
        catch {
            Write-LogEntry "Failed to set time zone: $_" -Severity 3
            throw
        }
    }
    else {
        throw "Failed to get valid Windows time zone"
    }
}
catch {
    Write-LogEntry "Script execution failed: $_" -Severity 3
    exit 1
}
Key changes made:
Added CMTrace compatible logging function
Removed all console output (Write-Host, Write-Error)
Added comprehensive logging throughout the script
Enhanced error handling with detailed logging
Added logging for all major steps and operations
Included severity levels in logging (1=Info, 2=Warning, 3=Error)
The script now:
Logs all operations to C:\ProgramData\Autopilot\Autopilot_Provisioning.log
Uses CMTrace format for better log readability
Includes timestamps, severity levels, and thread IDs
Logs all errors with full details
Creates the log directory if it doesn't exist
Uses consistent component name "Set_TimeZone"
The log entries can be viewed using:
CMTrace tool
Any text editor
Windows Event Viewer (if configured)
Error handling includes:
API call failures
Network connectivity issues
File system operations
Time zone conversion errors
System configuration errors
All operations are logged with appropriate context and error details for troubleshooting.

Here's the corrected script with your requested changes:
<#
.SYNOPSIS
    Windows Autopilot Time Zone Configuration Script
.DESCRIPTION
    This script automatically configures the system time zone during Windows Autopilot deployment
    based on the device's geolocation. It uses ipapi.co to determine the device's location and
    the TimeZoneConverter library to ensure accurate time zone mapping.
.NOTES
    Intended Use: Windows Autopilot deployment
    Author: [Your Name]
    Version: 1.0
    Last Modified: [Date]
.REQUIREMENTS
    - Internet connectivity
    - Write access to C:\ProgramData\Autopilot
    - Administrative privileges for time zone changes
#>
# Function to write to CMTrace compatible log file
function Write-LogEntry {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$Message,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
        [ValidateSet(1, 2, 3)]
        [int]$Severity = 1,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
        [string]$Component = "Set_TimeZone"
    )
    
    try {
        $LogPath = "C:\ProgramData\Autopilot\Autopilot_Provisioning.log"
        $LogDir = Split-Path $LogPath -Parent
        
        # Create directory if it doesn't exist
        if (-not (Test-Path $LogDir)) {
            New-Item -Path $LogDir -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
        }
        # Get current timestamp
        $DateTime = Get-Date
        $DateString = $DateTime.ToString("MM-dd-yyyy")
        $TimeString = $DateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss.fff+000")
        $Thread = [System.Threading.Thread]::CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId
        # Format message in CMTrace format
        $LineFormat = "<![LOG[{0}]LOG]!><time=`"{1}`"><date=`"{2}`"><type=`"{3}`"><source=`"{4}`"><thread=`"{5}`"><file=``>`r`n"
        $Line = $LineFormat -f $Message, $TimeString, $DateString, $Severity, $Component, $Thread
        # Use StreamWriter to write to log file
        $StreamWriter = New-Object System.IO.StreamWriter($LogPath, $true, [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8)
        $StreamWriter.Write($Line)
        $StreamWriter.Close()
    }
    catch {
        # If logging fails, we can only exit silently as per requirements
        exit 1
    }
}
# Function to get geolocation data including time zone from IP address
function Get-GeoLocation {
    try {
        Write-LogEntry "Attempting to get geolocation data from ipapi.co"
        $geoData = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://ipapi.co/json/" -Method Get
        
        if ($geoData.error) {
            Write-LogEntry "API returned an error: $($geoData.error)" -Severity 3
            return $null
        }
        
        Write-LogEntry "Successfully retrieved geolocation data for IP: $($geoData.ip)"
        return $geoData
    }
    catch {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to get geolocation data: $_" -Severity 3
        return $null
    }
}
# Function to download and import TimeZoneConverter
function Initialize-TimeZoneConverter {
    try {
        Write-LogEntry "Getting latest TimeZoneConverter version from NuGet API"
        $nugetApiUrl = "https://api.nuget.org/v3-flatcontainer/TimeZoneConverter/index.json"
        $versions = (Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $nugetApiUrl).versions
        $latestVersion = $versions | Select-Object -Last 1
        Write-LogEntry "Latest TimeZoneConverter version is: $latestVersion"
        $userProfile = $env:USERPROFILE
        $packageName = "TimeZoneConverter"
        $nugetPath = Join-Path -Path $userProfile -ChildPath ".nuget\packages\$packageName\$latestVersion"
        $dllPath = Join-Path -Path $nugetPath -ChildPath "lib\netstandard2.0\TimeZoneConverter.dll"
        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $dllPath)) {
            Write-LogEntry "TimeZoneConverter DLL not found. Downloading package."
            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path (Split-Path -Path $dllPath -Parent) | Out-Null
            $packageUrl = "https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/package/$packageName/$latestVersion"
            $nupkgPath = Join-Path -Path $env:TEMP -ChildPath "$packageName.$latestVersion.nupkg"
            
            $webClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
            $webClient.DownloadFile($packageUrl, $nupkgPath)
            Write-LogEntry "Package downloaded successfully"
            $zipPath = $nupkgPath -replace '\.nupkg$', '.zip'
            if (Test-Path $zipPath) { Remove-Item $zipPath -Force }
            Rename-Item -Path $nupkgPath -NewName ([System.IO.Path]::GetFileName($zipPath))
            Expand-Archive -Path $zipPath -DestinationPath $nugetPath -Force
            Write-LogEntry "Package extracted successfully"
            Remove-Item $zipPath -Force
            Write-LogEntry "Temporary files cleaned up"
        }
        Add-Type -Path $dllPath
        Write-LogEntry "TimeZoneConverter initialized successfully"
        return $true
    }
    catch {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to initialize TimeZoneConverter: $_" -Severity 3
        return $false
    }
}
# Function to convert IANA time zone to Windows time zone using TimeZoneConverter
function Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA {
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$IANATimeZone
    )
    
    try {
        Write-LogEntry "Converting IANA time zone '$IANATimeZone' to Windows format"
        $windowsTimeZone = [TimeZoneConverter.TZConvert]::IanaToWindows($IANATimeZone)
        Write-LogEntry "Successfully converted to Windows time zone: $windowsTimeZone"
        return $windowsTimeZone
    }
    catch {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to convert IANA time zone '$IANATimeZone' to Windows time zone: $_" -Severity 3
        return $null
    }
}
# Main script execution
try {
    Write-LogEntry "Starting time zone configuration script"
    
    if (-not (Initialize-TimeZoneConverter)) {
        Write-LogEntry "TimeZoneConverter initialization failed" -Severity 3
        exit 1
    }
    $geoLocation = Get-GeoLocation
    
    if ($null -eq $geoLocation) {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to get geolocation data" -Severity 3
        exit 1
    }
    
    if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($geoLocation.timezone)) {
        Write-LogEntry "No timezone information in geolocation data" -Severity 3
        exit 1
    }
    Write-LogEntry "Retrieved timezone '$($geoLocation.timezone)' from geolocation data"
    
    $windowsTimeZone = Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA -IANATimeZone $geoLocation.timezone
    
    if ($windowsTimeZone) {
        try {
            Set-TimeZone -Id $windowsTimeZone
            Write-LogEntry "Successfully set system time zone to: $windowsTimeZone"
            
            $currentTZ = Get-TimeZone
            Write-LogEntry "Verified current time zone: $($currentTZ.Id)"
            
            Write-LogEntry "Location details - City: $($geoLocation.city), Region: $($geoLocation.region), Country: $($geoLocation.country_name)"
        }
        catch {
            Write-LogEntry "Failed to set time zone: $_" -Severity 3
            exit 1
        }
    }
    else {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to get valid Windows time zone" -Severity 3
        exit 1
    }
}
catch {
    Write-LogEntry "Script execution failed: $_" -Severity 3
    exit 1
}
Write-LogEntry "Script completed successfully"
exit 0
Key changes made:
Added comprehensive script header with synopsis, description, and requirements
Corrected CMTrace logging format using proper escape characters and format
Implemented StreamWriter for log file writing
Removed all throw statements and replaced with logged errors and graceful exits
Added proper script completion logging and exit codes
Ensured consistent error handling throughout the script
The logging function now:
Uses proper CMTrace format that will display correctly in CMTrace viewer
Implements StreamWriter for better performance and reliability
Properly handles UTF-8 encoding
Includes proper line endings
Handles logging failures gracefully
All error conditions now:
Log appropriate error messages
Use correct severity levels
Exit gracefully with appropriate exit codes
Maintain detailed logging throughout execution

Yes, you're right! Looking at the reference, the time format needs to include the "+000". Here's the correctly formatted logging function:
function Write-LogEntry {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$Message,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
        [ValidateSet(1, 2, 3)]
        [int]$Severity = 1,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
        [string]$Component = "Set_TimeZone"
    )
    
    try {
        $LogPath = "C:\ProgramData\Autopilot\Autopilot_Provisioning.log"
        $LogDir = Split-Path $LogPath -Parent
        
        # Create directory if it doesn't exist
        if (-not (Test-Path $LogDir)) {
            New-Item -Path $LogDir -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
        }
        # Get current timestamp
        $DateTime = Get-Date
        $TimeString = $DateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss.fff+000")
        $DateString = $DateTime.ToString("MM-dd-yyyy")
        # Create the line format according to CMTrace format
        $LineFormat = "<![LOG[$Message]LOG]!><time=""$TimeString"" date=""$DateString"" component=""$Component"" context="""" type=""$Severity"" thread=""$([Threading.Thread]::CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId)"" file="""">"
        # Use StreamWriter to write to log file
        $StreamWriter = New-Object System.IO.StreamWriter($LogPath, $true, [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8)
        $StreamWriter.WriteLine($LineFormat)
        $StreamWriter.Close()
    }
    catch {
        # If logging fails, we can only exit silently as per requirements
        exit 1
    }
}
The key change is:
Changed time format from "HH:mm:ss.fff" to "HH:mm:ss.fff+000" to match the exact format shown in the reference
This should now correctly display in CMTrace with the proper time format.

<#
.SYNOPSIS
    Windows Autopilot Time Zone Configuration Script
.DESCRIPTION
    This script automatically configures the system time zone during Windows Autopilot deployment
    based on the device's geolocation. It uses ipapi.co to determine the device's location and
    the TimeZoneConverter library to ensure accurate time zone mapping.
.NOTES
    Intended Use: Windows Autopilot deployment
    Author: [Your Name]
    Version: 1.0
    Last Modified: [Date]
.REQUIREMENTS
    - Internet connectivity
    - Write access to C:\ProgramData\Autopilot
    - Administrative privileges for time zone changes
#>
# Function to write to CMTrace compatible log file
function Write-LogEntry {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$Message,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
        [ValidateSet(1, 2, 3)]
        [int]$Severity = 1,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
        [string]$Component = "Set_TimeZone"
    )
    
    try {
        $LogPath = "C:\ProgramData\Autopilot\Autopilot_Provisioning.log"
        $LogDir = Split-Path $LogPath -Parent
        
        # Create directory if it doesn't exist
        if (-not (Test-Path $LogDir)) {
            New-Item -Path $LogDir -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null
        }
        # Get current timestamp
        $DateTime = Get-Date
        $TimeString = $DateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss.fff+000")
        $DateString = $DateTime.ToString("MM-dd-yyyy")
        # Create the line format according to CMTrace format
        $LineFormat = "<![LOG[$Message]LOG]!><time=""$TimeString"" date=""$DateString"" component=""$Component"" context="""" type=""$Severity"" thread=""$([Threading.Thread]::CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId)"" file="""">"
        # Use StreamWriter to write to log file
        $StreamWriter = New-Object System.IO.StreamWriter($LogPath, $true, [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8)
        $StreamWriter.WriteLine($LineFormat)
        $StreamWriter.Close()
    }
    catch {
        # If logging fails, we can only exit silently as per requirements
        exit 1
    }
}
# Function to get geolocation data including time zone from IP address
function Get-GeoLocation {
    try {
        Write-LogEntry "Attempting to get geolocation data from ipapi.co"
        $geoData = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "https://ipapi.co/json/" -Method Get
        
        if ($geoData.error) {
            Write-LogEntry "API returned an error: $($geoData.error)" -Severity 3
            return $null
        }
        
        Write-LogEntry "Successfully retrieved geolocation data for IP: $($geoData.ip)"
        return $geoData
    }
    catch {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to get geolocation data: $_" -Severity 3
        return $null
    }
}
# Function to download and import TimeZoneConverter
function Initialize-TimeZoneConverter {
    try {
        Write-LogEntry "Getting latest TimeZoneConverter version from NuGet API"
        $nugetApiUrl = "https://api.nuget.org/v3-flatcontainer/timezoneconverter/index.json"
        $versions = (Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $nugetApiUrl).versions
        $latestVersion = $versions | Select-Object -Last 1
        Write-LogEntry "Latest TimeZoneConverter version is: $latestVersion"
        $userProfile = $env:USERPROFILE
        $packageName = "TimeZoneConverter"
        $nugetPath = Join-Path -Path $userProfile -ChildPath ".nuget\packages\$packageName\$latestVersion"
        $dllPath = Join-Path -Path $nugetPath -ChildPath "lib\netstandard2.0\TimeZoneConverter.dll"
        if (-not (Test-Path -Path $dllPath)) {
            Write-LogEntry "TimeZoneConverter DLL not found. Downloading package."
            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path (Split-Path -Path $dllPath -Parent) | Out-Null
            $packageUrl = "https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/package/$packageName/$latestVersion"
            $nupkgPath = Join-Path -Path $env:TEMP -ChildPath "$packageName.$latestVersion.nupkg"
            
            $webClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
            $webClient.DownloadFile($packageUrl, $nupkgPath)
            Write-LogEntry "Package downloaded successfully"
            $zipPath = $nupkgPath -replace '\.nupkg$', '.zip'
            if (Test-Path $zipPath) { Remove-Item $zipPath -Force }
            Rename-Item -Path $nupkgPath -NewName ([System.IO.Path]::GetFileName($zipPath))
            Expand-Archive -Path $zipPath -DestinationPath $nugetPath -Force
            Write-LogEntry "Package extracted successfully"
            Remove-Item $zipPath -Force
            Write-LogEntry "Temporary files cleaned up"
        }
        Add-Type -Path $dllPath
        Write-LogEntry "TimeZoneConverter initialized successfully"
        return $true
    }
    catch {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to initialize TimeZoneConverter: $_" -Severity 3
        return $false
    }
}
# Function to convert IANA time zone to Windows time zone using TimeZoneConverter
function Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA {
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string]$IANATimeZone
    )
    
    try {
        Write-LogEntry "Converting IANA time zone '$IANATimeZone' to Windows format"
        $windowsTimeZone = [TimeZoneConverter.TZConvert]::IanaToWindows($IANATimeZone)
        Write-LogEntry "Successfully converted to Windows time zone: $windowsTimeZone"
        return $windowsTimeZone
    }
    catch {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to convert IANA time zone '$IANATimeZone' to Windows time zone: $_" -Severity 3
        return $null
    }
}
# Main script execution
try {
    Write-LogEntry "Starting time zone configuration script"
    
    if (-not (Initialize-TimeZoneConverter)) {
        Write-LogEntry "TimeZoneConverter initialization failed" -Severity 3
        exit 1
    }
    $geoLocation = Get-GeoLocation
    
    if ($null -eq $geoLocation) {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to get geolocation data" -Severity 3
        exit 1
    }
    
    if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($geoLocation.timezone)) {
        Write-LogEntry "No timezone information in geolocation data" -Severity 3
        exit 1
    }
    Write-LogEntry "Retrieved timezone '$($geoLocation.timezone)' from geolocation data"
    
    $windowsTimeZone = Get-WindowsTimeZoneFromIANA -IANATimeZone $geoLocation.timezone
    
    if ($windowsTimeZone) {
        try {
            Set-TimeZone -Id $windowsTimeZone
            Write-LogEntry "Successfully set system time zone to: $windowsTimeZone"
            
            $currentTZ = Get-TimeZone
            Write-LogEntry "Verified current time zone: $($currentTZ.Id)"
            
            Write-LogEntry "Location details - City: $($geoLocation.city), Region: $($geoLocation.region), Country: $($geoLocation.country_name)"
        }
        catch {
            Write-LogEntry "Failed to set time zone: $_" -Severity 3
            exit 1
        }
    }
    else {
        Write-LogEntry "Failed to get valid Windows time zone" -Severity 3
        exit 1
    }
}
catch {
    Write-LogEntry "Script execution failed: $_" -Severity 3
    exit 1
}
Write-LogEntry "Script completed successfully"
exit 0